23rd Nov- 24th Nov 2014

Magnus Carlsen of Norway won FIDE World Chess Championship 2014

24-NOV-2014

Magnus Carlsen of Norway on 23 November 2014 won FIDE World Chess Championship 2014 played at Sochi, Russia.
He defeated Viswanathan Anand of India with a score of 6.5 – 4.5. Out of a total of 12 games played, he won the Game 2, Game 6 and Game 11. Anand only managed to win the Game 3 whereas Game 4 and Game 5 were drawn between the two.
Thus, Carlsen became the first player to score 6.5 points to win the FIDE World Championship.
With this he retained the FIDE World Championship which he had won in Chennai in 2013. In 2013 he had won the game in just 10 games against Anand.

Strong earthquake of 6.3 magnitude hit Tibetan region of southwestern China

24-NOV-2014

Strong earthquake of 6.3 magnitude hit Tibetan region of southwestern China on 22 November 2014. The epicenter of the earthquake was Tagong Township in Sichuan province.
The earthquake killed at least five people and affected nearly 80000 others. It injured more than 50 people and damaged around 25000 houses.
China launched an all-out rescue operation. A 35-member rescue team of armed police have been made to rescue the peoples. Besides, 6 military aircraft, 60 medical staff and nearly 1000 soldiers and militia participated in the rescue operation.
Sichuan, neighbouring the Tibet Autonomous Region, is a mountainous and quake-prone area. Seismic activity frequently affects Sichuan. A devastating earthquake that hit the province in 2008 left more than 87000 people dead or missing.

Senior Marathi actor-director Raghuvir Nevrekar died

24-NOV-2014

Senior Marathi actor-director Raghuvir Nevrekar died in Mumbai on 23 November 2014 following a brief illness. He was 85.

Raghuvir Nevrekar
• Raghuvir Nevrekar gained popularity on the Marathi stage through his performances in both positive and negative roles which he executed beautifully.
• Nevrekar was active member of the Goa Hindu association, one of the oldest cultural and social organizations representing Hindu Goans in Mumbai.
• He was well known for his character Falgunrao in Marathi musical comedy Sanshay Kallol.
• He was also one of the earliest playwrights for Konkani radio plays. His play Poppe Babali Mumbai was popular for its humourous characterization of Poppe Babali's visit to Mumbai.
• He also starred in the first marathi television serial Shwetambara in the 1980s.

Koala diplomacy, the Australian soft power-based foreign policy

24-NOV-2014

Koala diplomacy: Helped Australia bridge differences among world leaders

Koala diplomacy was in news recently during the G-20 Summit of major economies held in Brisbane, Australia on 16 November 2014.
Prime Minister of Australia Tony Abbot arranged a warm and fuzzy welcome for the world leaders at end of G20 summit with a campaign named koala diplomacy.
Koala diplomacy involved world leaders getting photographed and cuddling with Koala named Jimbelung- the furry grey animals, shy native marsupials of Australia. Jimbelung, which means friend in a local Aboriginal dialect, was later gifted to Japan.
The diplomacy helped Australia bridge the differences that emerged between world major powers during the summit resulting into successful conclusion of the Summit with Brisbane Action Plan.
Koalas were brought to the summit not only to increase the cuteness factor of the event but also to share the Koala story to the global community that number is dropping and these are not listed as endangered.
Koalas are officially considered vulnerable and efforts to increase their population have been stepped up in recent years

Sunil Manohar appointed as Advocate General of Maharashtra

24-NOV-2014

Eminent lawyer Advocate Sunil Manohar was on 18 November 2014 appointed as the Advocate General (AG) of Maharashtra. His appointment was approved by State Cabinet.
Manohar replaced Darius Khambatta who was appointed as AG in 2012. Sunil Manohar is the third person from city Nagpur to assume the post in Maharashtra. Coincidentally, the last AG from Nagpur was Sunil's father VR Manohar.
Presently, Manohar is a senior counsel practising at Nagpur Bench of the Bombay High Court.

Sunil Manohar
• Manohar pursued graduation in Commerce before joining the three-year LLB course. He received eight medals, including four golds during the convocation ceremony in 1988 for topping the course.
• Manohar started his law practice under his father VR Manohar just after graduation. Today he has 27 years of experience in the legal field.
• He had been Vidarbha Ranji cricket player as he played one match against Madhya Pradesh.
• Manohar appeared in hundreds of high-profile cases that included PWD scam, chancellor's powers to appoint VCs, controversy over duplication of Agneepath song and ban on screening of Dirty Picture on TV

Switzerland defeated France to win 1st-ever Davis Cup of Tennis

24-NOV-2014

Switzerland led by Roger Federer on 23 November 2014 defeated France to win their first-ever Davis Cup of Tennis. Swiss tennis team defeated French team by 3-1 in the finals played at Lille Stade Pierre Mauroy, France.

Davis Cup 2014 results
• Round 1: Stan Warwinka of Switzerland defeated Jo-Wilfried Tsonga of France 6-1, 3-6, 6-3, 6-2
• Round 2: Gael Monfils of France defeated Roger Federer of Switzerland 6-1, 6-4, 6-3
• Round 3: Roger Federer & Stan Warwinka defeated Julien Benneteau & Richard Gasquet of France 6-3, 7-5, 6-4
• Round 4: Roger Federer of Switzerland defeated Richard Gasquet of France 6-4, 6-2, 6-2

With this win, Switzerland became the fourteenth nation to win the Davis Cup in the competition’s 115-year history.
The Davis Cup 2014 between France and Switzerland will go down in history as the Cup that witnessed world record crowd of 27228 viewers.
Following the Davis Cup 2014 results, the top three teams are: Czech Republic, Switzerland and France.

About Davis Cup

The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's tennis. It is run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and is contested annually between teams from competing countries in a knock-out format. The competition began in 1900 as a challenge between Great Britain and the United States.
The women's equivalent of the Davis Cup is the Fed Cup.
Australia, the Czech Republic, and the United States are the only countries to have held both Davis Cup and Fed Cup titles in the same year

Adidas appointed Tushar Gokuldas as Brand Director of Emerging Markets

24-NOV-2014

German sportswear major Adidas on 23 November 2014 appointed Tushar Gokuldas as Brand Director, Emerging Markets. The appointment will come into effect from 1 March 2015.
Currently, he is working as Brand Director Adidas India. He will succeed Dave Thomas, who was recently appointed as the new Managing Director for Adidas Group India.
In his new role, he will face the challenge of strengthening the brand in around 78 countries, some of which are the company's most important markets. The emerging markets comprised the Middle East, Africa, part of Eastern Europe and the Indian subcontinent.
He has led the marketing function at Adidas India since October 2008 where he strengthened and grew the brand by making significant enhancements to Adidas' athlete portfolio.
Before joining Adidas, Gokuldas worked at Boston Consulting Group, Colgate-Palmolive and Whirlpool. He is an alumnus of IIM-Ahmedabad and Delhi College of Engineering.
With this, he joined the growing list of Indian executives selected for taking on global roles in MNCs.

Pico do Fogo Volcano erupted in Cape Verde archipelago off West Africa coast

24-NOV-2014

The Pico do Fogo volcano in the Cape Verde archipelago off the coast of West Africa erupted on 24 November 2014.
The eruption led to rise of huge plume of smoke in the sky but it is not clear that does the eruption caused some injuries or death or not.
The Prime Minister of the island country José Maria Neves called for residents of Cha das Caldeiras to evacuate.

About Pico do Fogo volcano in Cape Verde
• Pico do Fogo is the highest peak of Cape Verde, rising to 2829 metres (9281 ft) above sea level. It is an active stratovolcano lying on the island of Fogo.
• This volcano last erupted in 1995, when it caused minor damage. The larger eruption occurred in 1951. The only deadly eruption was in 1847 when earthquakes killed several people.

The former Portuguese colony is located about 600 km off the coast of Senegal. Fogo's volcanic peak, surrounded by vineyards, is a hiking destination.

Pope Francis conferred sainthood on Father Chavara Achen & Sister Euphrasia

24-NOV-2014

Pope Francis on 23 November 2014 conferred sainthood on two Indians-Father Kuriakose Elias Chavara and Sister Euphrasia. Pope Francis pronounced them as saint at a special mass St Peter's Square at Vatican.
Father Kuriakose Elias Chavara is popularly known as Chavara Achen and Sister Euphrasia is popularly known as Evuprasiamma both were from Kerala.
They were conferred sainthood along with four Italian saints. These were
• Giovanni Antonio Farina- Bishop of Vicenza in the late 1800s

• Missionary Ludovico da Casoria
• Fellow Franciscans Nicola da Longobardi
• Amato Ronconi

The process of considering a person for sainthood is an often decades-long process. The person has been dead for five years and has been credited with bringing about two miracles.

Sister Alphonsa was the first Indian to be declared as saint in 2008.

About Chavara Achen
• Father Kuriakose Chavara was proclaimed as a priest in 1829. He was beatified in 1986 and he received the beatification after claims of several miracles by his followers.
• Chavara was also a social reformer and believed that intellectual development and education of women was the first step towards overall social welfare.
• He first introduced the system called A school along with every church, which was successful in making free education available for everyone.
• Chavara died in Jan 1871 at the age of 65.

About Sister Euphrasia
• Sister Euphrasia was beatified in 2006 and she was known as praying mother and saint among nuns.
• Sister Euphrasia was declared a Servant of God in 1987 and followed by Venerable in July 2002.
• She was declared as Blessed by Cardinal Mar Varkey Vithayathil, the Major Archbishop of the Syro Malabar church in December 2006.
• She died in August 1952 at the age of 75.

Indian pugilists Sarjubala and Saweety won Silver at World Women Boxing Championships

24-NOV-2014

Indian Women Boxers Sarjubala Devi and Saweety on 24 November 2014 won Silver medals at the 8th World Women's Boxing Championships, in Jeju, South Korea.
In the final of the 48kg division, Sarjubala lost to Nazym Kyzaibay of Kazakhstan, 0-3. While, in the 81kg final, Saweety lost to China's Xiaoli Yang, 0-3.
Their silver win has helped India to improve its performance from a bronze, won in the previous edition to a couple of silvers in the 8th edition of the championships.
2014 Women's World Amateur Boxing Championships was held at the Halla Gymnasium of Jeju City, South Korea between 13 and 25 November 2014.

Sarjubala Devi
Sarjubala Devi born on 1 June 1993 is an Indian woman boxer from Manipur. She joined boxing at school in 2005, after being inspired form the stories of Mary Kom's success, two years later, she joined a Sports Authority of India training centre in her city, Imphal India.
She won the world youth championships in 2011 and later went on to win the senior national championships in 2011

World Bank released report Turn Down the Heat: Confronting the New Climate Normal

24-NOV-2014

The World Bank on 23 November 2014 released report on the impact of global warming titled Turn Down the Heat: Confronting the New Climate Normal. The report focuses on the specific regional impacts of warming.
The report explores the risks worsening climate change poses to lives and livelihoods across three regions: Latin America and the Caribbean, Eastern Europe and Central Asia, and the Middle East and North Africa.
In the report the World Bank warned that Climate change could undermine efforts to defeat extreme poverty around the globe. The World Bank has set an ambitious target of eliminating extreme poverty around the world by 2030, and it can still be done if warming is limited to just two degrees.

Main highlights of the report
• Sharp temperature rises will cut deeply into crop yields and water supplies in many areas and possibly set back efforts to bring populations out of poverty
• Climate change poses a substantial and escalating risk to development progress that could undermine global efforts to eliminate extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity
• If early action is not taken then warming could exceed 1.5 to 2 degree Celsius and its impact could significantly worsen intra and intergovernmental poverty in multiple regions across the globe
• It warned that in case concerted action is not taken than the real danger is that the average global temperature increase could go to 4.0 degrees Celsius by the end of the century.

Turn Down the Heat
Turn Down the Heat: Confronting the New Climate Normal is the third in a series of reports that was commissioned by the World Bank Group from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and Climate Analytics.
• The first report looked at risks globally if the world were to warm by 4°C.
• The second report focused on three regions – Africa, South Asia, and South East Asia – and the risks to food security, water security, and low-lying cities exposed to dangerous sea level rise and vulnerability to storms.

Comment

The report came on the heels of strong new warnings from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) about the pace of climate change and the energy transformations necessary to stay within 2°C warming.
World Bank President Jim Yong Kim in Washington said that ending poverty, increasing global prosperity and reducing global inequality is already difficult and will be much harder with warming of two degrees Celsius, but at four degrees, there is serious doubt whether these goals can be achieved at all.

Ajim Premji Philanthropic Initiative launched to fund non-profit organisations

24-NOV-2014

Wipro chairman Azim Premji on 23 November 2014 launched a new initiative Ajim Premji Philanthropic Initiative to fund non-profit organizations.
The focus of the initiative is to award grants to non-profits organizations which are working in socially important areas like nutrition, disabilities, support for the marginalized, and governance.
This initiative is distinct from Azim Premji Foundation which will continue to focus on education.
The Foundation works across seven states in the country that has 350000 schools. The foundation aims to improve the quality and equity in government school education.
Azim Premji has also established the Azim Premji University in Bengaluru to develop talent and research for the education and broader social sector. It currently has about 1200 people.
With a net worth of 16.4 billion US dollar, Premji is India's biggest philanthropist. Since 2010, he has transferred more than 4 billion US dollar to a trust that controls the Foundation. It's not clear how much of this will be earmarked for the new initiative, or whether a fresh allocation will be made.
Azim Premji is the first Indian to sign up for the Giving Pledge initiative started by Microsoft founder Bill Gates and billionaire investor Warren Buffett. The pledge obliges the person to donate a majority of wealth to philanthropy. Three Indian-Americans — Vinod Khosla, Manoj Bhargava and Romesh Wadhwani — are also among the signatories.

Ex-Washington DC mayor Marion Shepilov Barry Jr died

24-NOV-2014

Ex-Washington DC mayor Marion Shepilov Barry Jr. died on 23 November 2014 in Washington DC following a brief illness. He was 78.
Earlier in June 2014, he launched his autobiography titled Mayor for Life: The Incredible Story of Marion Barry Jr.

Marion Shepilov Barry Jr.
• Elected mayor for four times in 1978, 1982, 1986 and 1994, Marion Shepilov Barry left the mayor’s office for good early in 1999 and then worked as an investment banker.
• Being a member of Democrat party of US, Barry had served three tenures on the Council of the District of Columbia representing as a member from 1975 to 1979 and in Ward 8 from 1993 to 1995 and again from 2005 to 2014.
• In the 1960s he was involved in the African-American Civil Rights Movement first as a member of the Nashville Student Movement and then serving as the first chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
• On 18 January 1990, Mayor Barry was arrested on a cocaine charge and went to prison. He was released from prison in 1992 and contested elections the same year where he defeated the four-term incumbent Wilhelmina Rolark by winning 70 percent of the vote.
• In 2004 he was elected to the District of Columbia Council from a hard-pressed section in Southeast Washington, a district he represented until his death.

Adani Welspun Exploration to invest 1.5 billion US dollar in US shale and Canadian oil sands assets

24-NOV-2014

Adani Welspun Exploration (AWEL) on 23 November 2014 announced to invest 1.5 billion US dollar in US shale and Canadian oil sands assets. AWEL is the joint venture between Gautam Adani led Adani Group and towel-to-pipe conglomerate Welspun led by B K Goenka.
The investment will be made towards stake purchases in select Louisiana and Texas shale fields in the US and some Alberta oil sands projects in Canada.
Although the joint venture has an overall investment plan of 1.5 billion US dollar for overseas energy assets, it seeks to buy a minimum investment of 300 million US dollar.
AWEL is a strategic partnership for oil and gas business between Adani and Welspun with two Indian corporate honchos holding interests in conventional blocks in India, Thailand and Egypt.
The two groups feel that shale and oil sands, which have significant potential, will play a greater role in the world's total energy mix and, hence, want to invest in these areas.
If AWEL investment fructifies in the North American region – known for its rich reserves in unconventional resources – it will mark AWEL's first investment in shale and oil sands properties.
Indian firms have so far invested over 10 billion US dollar in US shale gas, of which Reliance alone has invested over 7 billion US dollar
Indian companies like Reliance Industries and state-run GAIL, IOC and Oil India have been scanning oil and gas assets abroad to meet the growing energy demand of Asia's third largest economy, which meets four-fifths of its crude oil and about a fourth of its gas requirements through imports.

Deepak Gupta appointed as Chairman of UPSC

24-NOV-2014

Deepak Gupta on 23 November 2014 was appointed as chairman of Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). He was appointed as Chairperson of UPSC by the President Pranab Mukherjee in accordance with the Article 316 (1) of the Constitution.
He took charge as UPSC chairman on 23 November 2014. Gupta replaced Rajni Razdan, who completed her term on 22 November 2014.
He is the first non-UPSC member to be appointed as UPSC chairman. He is a retired IAS officer of Jharkhand cadre. Traditionally, UPSC chairman is appointed from the serving members of the Commission.

Other members of the UPSC Commission are
• Academician David R Syiemlieh
• Former IFS officer Manbir Singh
• Former CBI Director Amar Pratap Singh
• Former Navy Vice Chief D K Dewan
• Ex-Railway Board Chairman Vinay Mittal
• Educationists P Kelimsungla and Hem Chandra Gupta
• Former IAS officer Chhatar Singh

About appointment of UPSC chairman and other members

The Chairman and other members of UPSC shall be appointed by President of India. The Constitution has not specified the strength of members of UPSC and left it on discretion of President. Generally, UPSC consist of 9 to 11 members.
Qualifications – According to article 316, it is mentioned that at least one half of the members of UPSC shall be the persons who have held office for at least 10 years either under Government of India or Government of a State. But it has not specified any qualifications for other half members of UPSC.
A member of UPSC shall hold office for a term of 6 years from date on which he enters into the office or until he attains age of 65 years whichever is earlier. Provided that a member can resign any time to President and can be removed from his office.
The President can appoint one of members of UPSC as acting chairman if office of chairman becomes vacant or if chairman of UPSC is by reasons of absence or for any other unable to perform his duties.
Article 319 – The Chairman of UPSC is not eligible for further employment either under Government of India or a State. The other members of UPSC are only eligible for office of Chairman of UPSC or Chairman of a State PSC but not for any other employment

Gujarat CM Anandiben Patel launched MLA Adarsh Gram Yojana

24-NOV-2014

Gujarat Chief Minister (CM) Anandiben Patel on 23 November 2014 launched the MLA Adarsh Gram Yojana in tune with the concept of ideal village (Adarsh Gram Yojana) of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
The Lilapur village of Daskroi takluka in Ahmedabad district was adopted as an ideal village under the MLA Adarsh Gram Yojana.
The MLA Adarsh Gram Yojana is not limited to basic facilities like road and drinking water among other things, but it aims for proper education facilities and health facilities at each Adarsh village.
182 MLAs in the state were called upon to adopt one village each in their constituency and work for its development. Patel directed the government authorities to work in coordination with the people and also take up development work in the village which are needed the most.
Moreover, the administration was directed to hold meeting with village elders to provide the physical amenities as part of development projects in a time bound manner. Each villager was asked to voluntarily pick up a task of cleanliness.
The top priority was given to cleanliness in every street, every drain and every locality in the entire village and include toilets in every home and school.

Lewis Hamilton won Abu Dhabi Grand Prix to become the F1 World champion for second time

24-NOV-2014

Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton of Britain on 23 November 2014 won the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix (GP) of Formula One (F1) racing at Yas Marina circuit in United Arab Emirates (UAE).
With this he also won the F1 racing championship for the year 2014 and joined the elite ranks of F1 world champions who have won the F1 world Drivers title twice.
Also, Abu Dhabi win by Hamilton gave the World team title of 2014 to Mercedes who won the title with 701 points. At second was placed Red Bull Racing – Renault and third place was won by Williams-Mercedes team.
Hamilton won the Abu Dhabi GP win with 50 points, 14 points ahead of Brazilian driver Felipe Massa who finished second while Finland driver Valtteri Bottas came third in the race.
Abu Dhabi win was Hamilton’s eleventh win of the season 2014 and with this he won the world drivers title of 2014 with a total of 384 points, 67 points ahead of his team mate and rival Nico Rosberg of Germany.
The World number one, Lewis Hamilton took his first world driver’s title with McLaren in 2008 has now become the first British double world champion since Jackie Stewart in 1971 and only the country’s fourth. The other two Britons with two titles are Jim Clark and Graham Hill.
Jackie Stewart won the title thrice in 1969, 1971 and 1973. Graham Hill won the two tiles in 1962 and 1968, while Jim Clark won the title in 1963 and 1965.
Apart from this, Hamilton has also joined number of other drivers on two titles like Fernando Alonso of Spain. Michael Schumacher of Germany is the all-time record holder with seven F1 world titles, while the most successful current driver is German Sebastian Vettel of Red Bull Racing – Renault who has won it four times.

2014 FIA Formula One World Championship

Grand Prix	Month	Winning driver	Team
Australia	March 2014	Nico Rosberg	Mercedes
Malaysia	March 2014	Lewis Hamilton	Mercedes
Bahrain	April 2014	Lewis Hamilton	Mercedes
China	April 2014	Lewis Hamilton	Mercedes
Spain	May 2014	Lewis Hamilton	Mercedes
Monaco	May 2014	Nico Rosberg	Mercedes
Canada	June 2014	Daniel Ricciardo	Red Bull Racing-Renault
Austria	June 2014	Nico Rosberg	Mercedes
Great Britain	July 2014	Lewis Hamilton	Mercedes
Germany	July 2014	Nico Rosberg	Mercedes
Hungary	July 2014	Daniel Ricciardo	Red Bull Racing-Renault
Belgium	August 2014	Daniel Ricciardo	Red Bull Racing-Renault
Italy	September 2014	Lewis Hamilton	Mercedes
Singapore	September 2014	Lewis Hamilton	Mercedes
Japan	October 2014	Lewis Hamilton	Mercedes
Russia	October 2014	Lewis Hamilton	Mercedes
United States	November 2014	Lewis Hamilton	Mercedes
Brazil	November 2014	Nico Rosberg	Mercedes
Abu Dhabi	November 2014	Lewis Hamilton	Mercedes

Afghanistan lower house approved Afghanistan-US bilateral security pact on NATO-led troops

24-NOV-2014

Afghanistan lower house of Parliament on 23 November 2014 approved the Bilateral Security Agreements with the United States and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). The pact will allow about 12500 NATO-led troops to stay in Afghanistan till 2015 to fight Taliban forces.
United States led NATO combat operations were about to finish at the end of 2014, but the Taliban launched a series of recent offensives that have severely injured Afghan soldiers and police.
The original plan was for the 9800 remaining troops to only train and advise Afghanistan forces and conduct counterterrorism missions.

Highlights of the Bilateral Security Agreement

• The new NATO mission named Operation Resolute Support will focus on supporting the Afghanistan forces in parallel with US counter-terrorism operations against the Taliban and other militant groups.
• The Afghan security forces will be in charge of full security of their country and will be further equipped and strengthened through NATO training.
• The new order also allows air support from US jets, bombers and drones for Afghan combat missions.
• But by the end of 2015, half of the 9800 American troops will leave Afghanistan. The rest will consolidate in Kabul and Bagram and then will leave by the end of 2016.

Former Union Minister Murli Deora died

24-NOV-2014

Senior Congress leader and former Union Minister Murli Deora died after a prolonged illness on 24 November 2014 in Mumbai. He was 77 and is survived by his wife and two sons, including former MP Milind Deora.
He held several important positions during his long political career. During the Manmohan Singh-led UPA government, he served as the Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas and Minister of State for Communications and Information Technology.
In November 2001, the Supreme Court of India in Murli S Deora vs. Union of India and Ors., recognized the harmful effects of smoking in public and also the effect on passive smokers, and in the absence of statutory provisions at that time, prohibited smoking in public places like auditoriums, hospital buildings, health institutions, educational institutions, libraries, court buildings, public office, public conveyances, including the railways.

About Murli Deora
• He was first time elected to the Rajya Sabha in 2002 from Maharashtra and since then had completed two terms. At present, he was serving his third term
• He was elected to the Lok Sabha three times (1984, 1989 and 1991) from Mumbai South, a seat later held by his son, Milind, who is also a former MP and ex Union minister
• He was president of the Mumbai Regional Congress Committee for 22 years from 1981 to 2003
• The industrialist and social worker-turned-politician began his innings from the Mumbai Municipal Corporation in 1968 when he was elected as Councillor of Municipal Corporation of Mumbai
• Later in 1977, he was elected as mayor of Mumbai
• He first contested the Lok Sabha polls from Mumbai South constituency in 1980